# Chapter 8 Example R code baseline = c(6.37,5.69,5.58,5.27,5.11,4.89,4.70,3.53) caffeine = c(4.52,5.44,4.70,3.81,4.06,3.22,2.96,3.20) qqnorm(baseline-caffeine) shapiro.test(baseline-caffeine) t.test(baseline, caffeine, paired=TRUE) drug = c(79,48,52,15,61,107,77,54,5) placebo = c(78,54,142,25,101,99,94,107,64) qqnorm(drug - placebo) shapiro.test(drug - placebo) t.test(drug, placebo, paired=TRUE, alternative="less") # Sign Test examples: binom.test(6,7) binom.test(7, 9, alternative="greater")